New and Original Yaskawa AC Servo Motor 1500r/min SGMG-44A2AAF Made in Japan

An important role is played by motor foreknowledge (motor programmes) which is indirectly connected to the elements of the technique in a given sport. According to Bernstein (in Latash, 1998), there is a strong transfer (transmission of motor knowledge and abilities) between related motor situations. For example, motor knowledge of gymnastics, track-and-field and tennis very positively affects the efficiency in learning to ski, play basketball and football, and vice versa. The more motor knowledge, experience and programmes a beginner has, the easier it will be for him to learn new movement techniques in other sports.

In this phase a beginner often thinks that he is executing the task correctly, while in fact he is doing it perfunctorily or completely wrong. Why? Because control over his movement is very weak. He is capable of controlling movement only through his visual signal system. The eyes may be the most important optical analyser but they are not enough. The most important function in the coordination of movement is that of the kinesthetic receptors (Schmidt, 1991). These are sensory bodies that are scattered over joints, ligaments and tendons and monitor body part position and movement, joint angles and muscle tension. In the case of beginners, the function of kinesthetic analysers is substantially less prominent, as they depend on experience and the already mastered motor programmes and motor memory. Therefore, the feedback information flow is very weak, the information is incomplete, imprecise and untimely. If one wants a beginner to understand verbal information (an explanation), one has to help him with optical control. The instructor has to clearly demonstrate technical elements, repeat them several times at a lower speed, if needed, emphasise the key elements of execution and furnish a suitable explanation. As far as the explanation is concerned, care should be taken that the beginner is provided only with the information that is indispensable for the execution of a specific movement. An abundance of initial information may negatively affect an individual's concentration and motivation.