It is one of the most frequent and most natural methods of motor learning, which is usually used for less demanding movements. The method is more suitable and effective for beginners, as they have a higher ability of understanding movement as a whole rather than its individual parts. The concept of learning movement as a whole is not to be understood literally, since learning is demanding and in the case of complex movements one should not start with all the details right away. In terms of difficulty and composition, not all movements are the same; nevertheless, each movement has inherent basic and vital elements. Beginners have to learn these very basic elements as soon as possible. The situational method enables athletes to display their abilities and characteristics on two levels. The first consists of replication – repeating the motor task which has been demonstrated in its entirety. The second level is the execution of a simple version of the motor task (a kind of imitation), while still considering the task as a whole. In both cases the instructor has to look for deficient movements and any gross errors. Minor errors may be "tolerated", and an extensive verbalisation is not recommended. In the case of beginners whose 56 M. ČOH, D. JOVANOVIĆ-GOLUBOVIĆ, M. BRATIĆ movement patterns (motor stereotypes) have not yet taken shape, the information is received and processed in an undifferentiated manner and at a lower level. However, it has to be emphasised that the emotional effects of such focused exercising are far greater, which may be a deciding factor – particularly at the beginning of the learning process. Strong inclination and an interest in exercising have a positive effect on learners' attention and motivation.
The essence of this method is to divide the movement technique into individual fractions, teach these fractions one by one, and in the last phase, gradually combine the learned fractions with the basic movement. It is generally used for very complex movements, which cannot be learned as a whole. In this method, difficulties occur due to the long-term learning of certain fractions, and problems arise in the process of combining the learned fractions into a whole. The overly repeated fractions, which sooner or later become automatic, may completely alter the overall movement scheme and rhythm. Therefore, the order of learning individual fractions is important. The basic movement scheme has to be preserved throughout the process. Experience teaches that it is reasonable to teach individual elements in the same order in which they appear in the kinematic and dynamic structures of the basic technique. Mastery of certain elements does not imply mastery of the entire movement. In principle, beginners are rarely taught only by this method; it is usually combined with some other method and the emphasis is put alternately on one or the other, depending on the learner's development, abilities and the degree of difficulty of the exercise. In practice, the analytical method is used during the initial phase of motor learning and then each well-mastered element is incorporated into the basic movement as soon as possible.
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